ENGINES FOR MODERN JET TRAINERS AND LIGHT COMBAT AIRCRAFT

Vadym Nerubaskyi

Abstract


The introductory section of the article provides an overview of the types of jet trainers (primary, basic, and advanced) and their role in the various stages of pilot training. The focus is on jet-powered aircraft. The next section presents an original classification of jet trainers into four generations. A brief description of each generation is provided, along with examples of aircraft. Particular attention is paid to the fourth, most modern generation of jet trainers, designed to train fifth-generation fighter pilots, such as the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II. The development histories and brief descriptions of the Yak-130, M-346, T-7A, L-15, and T-50 are provided. Information is provided on the engines installed on fourth-generation jet trainers (General Electric F404, Honeywell F124, Ivchenko-Progress AI-222/322), including their design features and main characteristics. A comparison of the F124 and AI-222-25 turbofan engines is provided. It is stated that new engines for trainer aircraft are currently not being developed in the West. Promising Russian developments (the AL-55 and SM-100 turbofan engines) are mentioned. It is summarized that the jet trainer market is actively developing, with fleet renewals planned for the near future in the United States (Air Force and Navy), Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, and other countries. Information is provided on original developments of light jet trainer aircraft (EM-10, CP-10, and Javelin). Finally, it is stated that the Ukrainian Ivchenko-Progress AI-222/322 turbofan/augmented turbofan family is among the most advanced engines in their class. It is proposed that the Ukrainian aviation community develop a modern, fourth-generation light-trainer aircraft powered by the AI-322F turbofan engine. This new, cheaper single-engine aircraft may have potential in the international market. During the Russian-Ukrainian war, various types of attack unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) became widespread. These aircraft are significantly less expensive than combat trainers and light combat aircraft designed for operations on the front lines and in the operational depths. There is no risk of crew loss during their combat use. Therefore, it is concluded that global demand for such aircraft is declining.


Keywords


training aircraft, light combat aircraft, basic flight training, turbojet engine, turbofan engine, Yak-130, M-346, L-15, T-50, T-7A, classification of jet trainers

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2026.4sup2.02