This edition has been discontinued. Publications are not accepted. Founded in: 2004 Field of science and issues in focus: The collection contains scientific articles that reflect a wide range of philosophical problems of history and modernity in the field of epistemology and phenomenology, social philosophy, anthropology and philosophy of culture. The edition is designed for researchers, teachers of philosophy and other humanitarian disciplines and all who are interested in philosophical issues. The edition is included in the List of Scientific Professional Publications of Ukraine by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine №1528 of 29.12.2014. ISSN: 2073-803X (Print) 2663-2357 (Online) The State Registration Certificate: КВ № 8338 dated 22.01.2004. Indexing: Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine; NRAT; «Ukrainika naukova»; «Dzerelo»; Ulrichsweb Global Serials Directory, OCLC WorldCat; Index Copernicus; Google Scholar. DOI CrossRef Founder: National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute» Editor-in-Chief: Kopylov Volodymyr Executive secretary: Medved Elena Editorial office address: 61070, Kharkiv, 17 Chkalova Str., chair 702. Tel.: +38(057)7884777, +38(057)7884278 E-mail: V.Kopylov@khai.edu , elenamdvd@gmail.com Archives of issues are HERE This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Видавничий центр Національного аерокосмічного університету ім. М.Є. Жуковського "ХАІ"
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XIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
The article deals with the research of axiological nature of the theory and practice of modern education. The problem is relevant in that education can be the key to solving the global problems of the modern world. The more popular the knowledge of people, their experience, abilities, skills, their professional and personal qualities in social development, the more important education is. Improvement and modernization of national education systems is becoming the leading direction of the sustainable development strategy of many states of the modern world. Consequently, the philosophical understanding of the educational process, in particular the definition of the values of education is relevant. The authors substantiate that, given the diversity of educational values, they can be divided into two main groups: the values of maintaining the existing order of things and the values of its transformation. In various worldview systems, the problem of the values of education is resolved in different ways. The article gives the basic ideas of representatives of such systems: classical realism, essentialism, perinalism, analytical philosophy, experimentalism, existentialism, neo-Freudianism. Analyzing the views of researchers, the authors of the article attribute free ideological self-determination to the cardinal values of education as the main mission, which provides the conditions for the free self-determination of each person in the worldview world to accept their own values in the form of life goals, main motives and interests, aspirations, needs, principles, etc. It is substantiated that the axiological guidelines of education should be associated primarily with the orientation of education towards the interests of the individual – a free, creative person, capable of self-realization. The mission of education is to find an individual approach to a person, to contribute to the realization of his personal potential, internal, unconscious, even irrational needs (otherwise this culturally unrealized potential can become destructive for both the individual and society). Thus, education should be aimed at the formation of fundamental foundations that will allow a person to solve worldview problems, make a moral, legal or ideological choice, navigate in the modern sociocultural situation. The authors emphasize that in a modern dynamic society, value-semantic variability and the influence of the accelerated development of education on the formation of social innovations are necessary. The dynamically changing conceptual field of modern educational practices, the desire and attempts to humanize education are favorable factors for the creation and implementation of the concept of modern education. The humanization of education is aimed at creating a sustainable and flexible value attitude to the world. The universal value horizon, the idea of universal values are not reflected in modern cultural practices. On the one hand, culture becomes value-oriented, its phenomena become subject to assessment, its values are structured and organized, on the other hand, obvious value pluralism, poly-paradigmalism, relativism and simplification of values as such. Thus, the analysis of theoretical studies on the value aspects of education, and the study of the possibilities that arise as a result of the humanization of education, allow us to state: only as a result of changes in the content of education in the context of its humanization it is possible to talk about the transition to understanding a specialist as a harmoniously developed personality, which is the ultimate purpose of education. The primary task is to eliminate the discrepancy between the generally accepted and declared values, on the one hand, and their implementation, primarily in the minds of participants in the educational process, on the other.
Copyright (c) 2020 Володимир Копилов, Олександр Панфілов
CONSUMERISM IN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
The problems of consumer positioning of modern youth in the field of education are considered. Youth consumerism practices are regarded as both the effect of total spread of basic principles of the «consumer society» in all social contexts and as a result of social infantilization of youth manifested in such social effects as immaturity, creative impotence and overstated ambitions. Social infantilism appears itself in a receptive attitude to life and to others with expected patronage and guardianship. It is shown that there is a connection between consumerization of an unreliable surrounding and the disintegration of modern human relations. Consumption is essentially an individual activity, even being performed in a company with other humans. The Consumer Man exists in an isolated world of broken relationships with other people, perceiving them as means for symbolic exchange and successful investment. It is shown that there is a connection between consumer attitudes of a person and social infantilism. A social infantile has a consumeristic attitude to life, and, on the contrary, a person’s consumer attitudes tell about his/her social immaturity and infantilism. Therefore, these concepts are used in conjunction as infantilism-consumerism. Social infantilism-consumerism is associated with externalism, with insecurity in one’s own abilities and with the search for a Patron for solving all life problems. In the paper, constructive ways to counteract consumerism and infantilization of students’ educational practices are offered. Firstly, since the consumeristic practices of students are encouraged and supported by a system of instrumental interactions in universities, it is assumed that a change in the conceptual foundations of modern education, a shift from instrumental to communicative forms of interaction can contribute to the formation of non-consumeristic attitudes and discourage the infantilization of students. The instrumental model of teaching at universities is based on the concentration of education agents on knowledge transfer (from teacher to students), the quality of which should be controlled through various ratings, tests, and exams. A student in an instrumental dimension turns into a passive object with the task to meekly accept and memorize information presented by teachers, without the right to criticize, doubt or correct what is perceived. It is demonstrated that such a learning style forms the habitus of intellectual constraint and creative passivity, supporting students’ self-perception as infants, young children who eat the foods that adults prepare for them. On the contrary, the creation of a communicative space of mutual learning at universities, in which students and teachers become co-students (P. Freire), interacting and discussing conceptual problems as partners, contributes to the formation of intellectual maturity (versus infantility) of students who have gained experience of working with mature scientists. Secondly, since one of the main components of consumerism in the field of education is the students’ confidence that practical rather than theoretical knowledge is valuable, that usefulness (and not truth) is the highest criterion for the information received; then, in order to form anti-consumer educational strategies, the utilitarian educational paradigm that encourages the idea of the consumption and profitability of knowledge should be called into question. Thirdly, it can be assumed that the model of student-centered education can contribute to the infantilization-consumerization of student educational practices. The semantic aspect of the multi-centering (and not single-centering) of the educational sphere is guessed in the concept of personality-centered (versus student-centered) education, in which the idea of cooperation (rather than subordination) of all educational subjects, both teachers and students, develops. Students existing in a polycentric space occupy the subjective positions of co-authors of the communicative learning process, ready to take responsibility for the results of their own activities or inactions.
STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN AZERBAIJAN AS PART OF THE EFFICIENCY OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE
The article analyzes structural reforms in Azerbaijan as part of the effectiveness of democratic governance. It is underlined that a new judicial system was created under the leadership of the national leader Heydar Aliyev; constitutional control; institutions empowered by human rights, based on the principle of democratic justice; the activities of law enforcement agencies have been improved; media activities have been expanded; effective safeguards have been put in place to ensure citizens’ rights. Keeping up reforms in the direction of human capital development in Azerbaijan is vital for improving the quality of education and creating a flexible mechanism for managing relations «science – education – production». The principle of paralleling economic, political and legal reforms over the last 10 years is a fundamental basis for the process of democratization in Azerbaijan and the adaptation of liberal values of society. Progressive development measures include enhancing the country’s economic potential, developing the non-oil sector, creating the conditions for workplaces, developing entrepreneurship, increasing substantially the volume and focus of social services, poverty reduction, etc. The depth of reforms in Azerbaijan, the progress made in combatting corruption, the larger scale of the institutional changes and the measures taken to fight against corruption lead to the fact that Azerbaijan scores higher in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). Azerbaijan has increased the pace of transition to an innovative society with better cultural achievements as a democratic country and preserving the development of a rich cultural heritage, taking into account the tendencies of the development of world civilization.
PHILOSOPHY OF NATIONAL / PERSONAL SELF-IDENTIFICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
In the contemporary open communicative space the phenomenon of globalization is a given that affects all aspects of human life. Though not new in the historical perspective, its character today is different in cognitive and existential aftereffects and also in the scope of its prevalence. Its especially strong influence is felt in the modifications and changes within the sphere of national / individual cultural identity. The impact of these processes on collective consciousness, historical memory, social harmony and language is twofold. On the one hand, they develop, enrich and diversify the content of life. On the other, they feed tendencies for separation. The interaction of these processes generates a crisis of identity. Living in the situation of linguistic / cultural difference / plurality corrodes the idea of personal / social self-identity. The problem of intercultural interference has always been urgent in the USA. It was comprehensively discussed in pragmatism, which offered a sensible method of dealing with misunderstanding and conflict of cultural diversity. Pragmatism did not agree with the theory of assimilation – the melting pot theory, offered by R. Emerson. Neither did it agree with the theory of segregation – the supremacy of white America. Instead it proposed the idea of multiculture based on the metaphor of orchestra, i.e. recognizing a confederation of cultures. Like in an orchestra each culture adds its voice in the melodious unity, each culture is equally important in creating a harmonious whole. The idea of multiculture suggests a special type of social inclusiveness, where every culture is treated as an equally important participant in joint socially motivated activity.
ETIQUETTE IMPERATIVITY IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURE OF BEHAVIOR AND COMMUNICATION
The article deals with the problem of place and role of etiquette in the culture of behavior and communication in the life of the individual and society as a whole. A philosophical and ethical analysis of etiquette as a sociocultural phenomenon is presented, covering a wide range of problems related to the logical and linguistic consideration of the term and notion of "etiquette" and its manifestations. The purpose of the article is to identify the extent of etiquette presence in the broadcast of the morally valuable, which reduces itself to the system of sociocultural communication. It is stated that etiquette imperativeness permeates all spheres of everyday and exclusive activity of people, turns spontaneous behavioral acts into a single sacrament of moral culture. The structural components of etiquette, its functional assignment in the organization and ordering of social relations, collective and individual behaviors are analyzed. The place of etiquette in the formalization of cultural standards and civilized stereotypes of moral relations, formation of ideas about proper relations are stated. To sum up, etiquette is considered as a socio-cultural product being a part of a system of ethical discursive practices aimed at spreading peace, understanding, tolerance, as well as coordination in actions of people to preserve the moral and psychological climate of society
ETHICS JOINT NESS: UNIVERSALS AND MECHANISMS OF COMMON LIFE
The article focuses on the ontological aspects of the being ethics. Ethical knowledge as the fundamental mechanism for the reproduction of human being-together is implemented in universals such as values, norms, and customs. These structural elements of ethics, therefore, are responsible for the reproduction and translation of the coherence mechanisms of human co-existence both at the individual and social levels. It has been revealed that among all ethical universals, each element is focused on its functional predetermination. However, it is values that play a special role in the formation of human co-existence and the realization of the spiritual potential of the individual as well. In its historical perspective, the problem of values is formulated in the framework of the ancient tradition as the “philosophy of values” (axiology). A “philosophy of values” or ethics arises as a doctrine of good manners, that is, mechanisms and methods of forming a harmonious social personality and harmonious social relations. Socrates, like Plato, equates value with good. Good, in turn, is correlated by philosophers with the knowledge that forms our virtues. Therefore, the main thing for a person, according to most ancient philosophers, is the spiritual state of a person, his virtues, which are the essence of the human happiness condition. In this regard, the good cannot be defined as pleasure, because there are bad pleasures. One cannot call good that only benefits, because the same can harm another person. Good is what improves the inner nature of human. The sacred nature of value, its relation to transcendental being indicates that this phenomenon is a carrier of meanings. Meanings, essence, truth is that which fills, directs and organizes human being-together. Therefore, on the one hand, the ontological purpose of value is to fill a person with meanings, and thus, on the other hand, to form his involvement in co-existence, the common good. This task of values reflects their nature, in which these ethical universals (values-benefits, values-goals, self-worth), on the one hand, reveal the nature of the ontology of being (and this is its difference from non-existence), and on the other, reflect the existential potential of a person. It is about spiritual values. The mystery of this ethical element is that the nature of spiritual values, their assimilation and development exclude any manifestation of consumerism, appropriation, selfishness. Good cannot be only for me, cannot be personal, useful, cannot be relative. Good cannot be manipulated, cannot be used. Therefore, reflecting the essence, meaning, goals of human life, spiritual values cannot be a means of evaluation, that is, an instrument for achieving lofty goals. Value and appreciation is a binary opposition that reflects the pole aspects of life and existence. Otherwise, it is no longer a question of good, but of its simulations, which lead to the predominance and prosperity of evil - their own mercantile interests, goals, selfish aspirations, and hence the suffering of others. Spiritual values need internalization of their experience. Therefore, the way to reach the values-goals can only be an intuitive immersion (in meaning, essence), unity and involvement in this experience. As a result, there is a feeling of inner fullness, realization, happiness. So, it is in this immersion, acceptance, completeness, that our personal experience of harmonious being is laid, together, an order is formed that determines the contribution of each of us in realizing the value of the common good, being We. Thus, reflecting the meaning, goals of human existence, spiritual values cannot be means of human life, creativity, realization, that is, an assessment tool. Their metaphysical purpose requires going beyond pragmatic perception, liberation from the consumer desire to colonize the world around me.
USE OF LANGUAGE AS A TOOL FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in any human society. Conflicting parties should be given equal opportunity to express their views. Good speaking skills are important in all aspects of our lives, especially in conflict resolution. Peaceful wording means the use of subtle wording and diplomacy to persuade the parties to the conflict to cease hostilities and aggression and to agree on a peaceful settlement of their disputes or misunderstandings. In order to strengthen and strengthen the peaceful atmosphere in a particular society, we need to use and use the language of reconciliation to restore peace in a conflict area. In this regard, mediators and observers are sent to conduct an operational procedure aimed at restoring peace and a peaceful atmosphere. When people communicate or interact in a peaceful language, the negative effects of the conflict are reduced and the positive outcome for the parties increases. A vital aspect of managing social conflicts is that language can turn a potentially devastating aspect of conflict into an opportunity for creativity and productivity. It can change and correct the imbalance caused by conflict; can restore relations between warring parties. Conflict management and resolution largely depend on the language, efficiency, communication and media used to convey messages. Information sharing helps dispel rumors, doubts and suspicions. Effective communication and good language are crucial in managing and managing conflicts. Conflicting parties should be given equal opportunity to express their views. Communication is more than just sharing information. It is about understanding the emotions and intentions underlying the information.
THE DIALECTIC OF FORM AND CONTENT OF HEALTH PRESERVATION ACTIVITY OF SOCIAL SUBJECTS UNDER CONSUMER SOCIETY
According to the World Health Organization, the major health threats to the planet’s population are air pollution, non-infection diseases, vaccine refusal, antibiotic resistance, etc. Taking into account the whole complexity of the systemic links in the range of these issues, the discussion intensity on health will continue. That’s why, there’s no wonder the safety of human life as a whole and the philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of health are the subject of critical analysis of many modern researchers. The extent, to which a social subject’s health-preserving activity is effective, depends on a number of factors. The end result of health preserving activity is determined not only by the mental and volitional qualities of the person who puts it into practice. It is also a matter of the dialectical interaction of form and content of a personality’s health preserving culture, without which it is impossible to imagine a holistic vision of this problem under the current conditions. Health preserving activity of a social subject under the contemporary consumerism acquires specific features, the form and content of which are predetermined by traditional social practices that are inherent in a society of over-consumption. It is of utmost importance for every educated person to understand the real state of affairs in the interconnections between the elements of such complex mechanisms as a consumer society and health preservation. It means that the power of negative effects on the individual is being significantly increased, because it is not about demonstrating expenses on unnecessary clothes and accessories, which will harm only the consumer’s wallet, but about expending on health-preservation drugs, products and procedures. That is, the vitality of the human biological organism and the duration of their life are crucial. Personal responsibility to care about your own health will always go hand in hand with critical reflection on the information. Both personal responsibility and critical thinking are based on education. The more educated a person is, the greater his or her vitality and readiness to meet the challenges of today are. Thus, as a result of the lack or the absence of competent information on contents, false origin and consequences of the consumption of preparations, foods, goods and procedures, the content of the health-preserving activity is being distorted, and the form, while preserving external segments, becomes illusory in its essence.
A NEW UNIFIED SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND ITS IDEOLOGY. DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION PROPOSALS
In a modern democratic society there are a lot of various problems. However, there is no social theory describing a model of society that is more perfect than democracy, free of its problems. Therefore, this article presents the key provisions for solving this extremely important problem for science: the development of a new social theory, the development of a model of society that is more perfect than democracy. For this purpose, the following tasks were considered and solved: 1. Modern social theories and all sorts of other ideas about the more perfect society in the future have been analyzed. Their general key points have been singled out. The main ones are the following: “The more perfect people and laws are, the more perfect society will be”. 2. The requirements for the theory being developed are formulated. Many of them are of a standard type (completeness, validity, consistency, practicality). But, besides them, this theory should model the levels of development of society following democracy, determine the root cause of existing problems and ways to resolve them, give new opportunities and prospects. In accordance with these requirements, a new Basic Model of society has been developed and introduced (Knowledge – People – Interactions – Result) and a change in this model (and all its components) has been modeled according to the development levels. This allowed us to simulate the 3rd level of society, the society of Spiritual Renaissance (1st level is the monarchy, 2nd level is democracy). The basis of the 3rd level of the society development is the solution of all the basic spiritual and moral issues. The key ones are as follows: spiritual and moral standards, the formation of a person of high quality, the morality of laws, etc. 3. The issues for practical application of this theory have been considered, that is the essence and sequence of reforming key areas of the society in accordance with spiritual and moral values. At the moment, from the point of view of the Author, the theory presented is the only full-fledged scientific theory that is describing a way of social organization more perfect than democracy. The basis of this organization is the solution of all basic spiritual and moral issues, which ultimately should lead to the formation of more perfect power, elite, people and laws. It is clear that the detailed description of this theory should be carried out in further works.
Copyright (c) 2020 Михайло Міаніє (Дюкарев)
THE PHENOMENON OF PUBLIC ACTION IN SOCIAL COERCION REALITIES OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
The article explores the phenomenon of public action as social coercion in modern media practices, whereby shaping the required behavior personal demonstrativeness and representation becomes a compulsory monad of a public person. It is argued that in a public environment, human identity is largely subject to manipulative influence and becomes a target of overt social coercion. If under the dominance of classical social philosophy the question could arise only about the determinants of the social essence of a person: an individual from society (E. Durkheim) or a society from individuals (M. Weber), the modern post-classical philosophy points to a new mode of existence of a social system – its complete domination of human consciousness. The coercion in one way or another has always been an element of social organization. Thus, in pre-class society, it was based on the authority of elders, tribal leaders, etc., and in the class society – on the authority of the state. Nowadays, the coercion is realized through the availability of mass communication and the imposition of certain communicative and public forms of personal representation. At the same time, the existence of a person with their own kind is always subject to established rules, which are the basic component of lifestyle. However, there remain many unsolved problems regarding the phenomenon of social coercion. Especially in terms of the behavior of the modern public person, which is focused on all and no one. For such a person, the public space becomes a large screen, on which it demonstrates a pseudo-identity, which quite easily and quickly overcomes the boundaries of privacy and even intimacy. The large part of today’s public informatization accounts for the Internet space, as an accessible space of social coercion, which, due to its constant updating and development, remains new, unexpected, and unusual. Corporal symbolism in public communication becomes biased exchange material, forms a clear system of necessary coded characters, marked by unification and excessive social demand. It is constantly remodeled in different combinations without losing the primary bodily "tracing paper", and is imposed exponentially by the same public space. The complete theoretical justification for the phenomenon of public action is associated with a specially organized drama theater, which originates in antiquity, liturgical drama, or miracle. Social coercion becomes that specific act of being, which has its own spatio-temporal boundaries, is revealed through behavior, consciousness and human activity, and just like publicity is revealed through things, objects, works, language forms, symbols and signs. The author argues that public demonstrative media practices, like modus of any coercion, are formed precisely in global public practices, integrally demonstrating public actions – the organization of political power, the legal and moral norms of society, socio-cultural values, while the nature of these trends is sometimes far-fetched, beneficial in communicative confrontation. There is an eternal opposition between internal and external in consideration of public action at the level of coercive practices: uniqueness, originality, standardization, cliche and openness, mass character, publicity, unification, standardization, pluralism, diversity. For a person, the primary discourse is non-public, a kind of internal, intellectual, moral, mysterious habitat, and only its secondary discourse can be associated with the public sphere, which is expressed in a person’s realization of their material and spiritual needs and values. Public actions of a public person become more and more asynchronous, pseudo-cyclical, non-linear, shifting ethical boundaries towards personal gain, social similarity, and social coercion. The corporal symbolism, as a technique of social coercion, becomes a biased exchange material and forms a clear system of necessary coded public signs, which are distinguished by their uniformity and excessive social demand. The Internet, as a space BETWEEN, draws the viewer into a large-scale performance in which a person feels their involvement in a certain group, which increases the sense of self significance, self-confidence, security. Public virtuality becomes a gallery of images of forced communicative play. And, such a game has a completely different character than in real life, it develops specific stereotypes of superficial behavior.
Copyright (c) 2020 Людмила Васильєва, Світлана Чмихун
CAPITALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
The article is devoted to the actual topic, which reflects modern trends in the development of the information society. The author tried to derive the formula of personal capitalization in the system of self-improvement of the subject. Since modern society is influences by rapid information mobility, individuals have to constantly change. The speed with, which information flows actualize modern human activity, cannot be compared, analyzed or even determined. We can only observe certain trends, but as soon as we can focus on them, they immediately lose their relevance. High informatization conditions imposed on constantly changing trends present new requirements for a modern person. They are little perceptible and the subject is in a constant search for personality characteristics that can satisfy the "insatiable appetites" of the information egregor. The theoretical basis of this article, the work of Michel Foucault, «Self-care» is especially interesting. In this work the author anticipated the modern culture, referring to the work of Christopher Lef «The culture of narcissism». The study of postmodern society updated a list of issues: whether individuals need «spiritual exercises», how to form a system in «self-care», in “knowing yourself”, what is behind these transformations – personal growth or manipulative technologies of a consumer society. The author notes that a person located between social networks, between everyday life and its future projection, loses real assessments of what is happening. These “three pillars” determine the economic, socio-psychological, spiritual and cultural portrait of a modern subject in the conditions of the information society. A person, as a hostage of the system, is looking for opportunities to satisfy their requirements. A personal approach to achieving this goal is the most relevant, since it is much easier at the individual level to adapt to information mobility. For this, it is necessary to undertake the capitalization of one’s own personality in order to be able to allocate assets and liabilities, profitably actualize strengths and work out weaknesses in order to increase competitiveness in the human resources market. Such a pragmatic approach is necessary, first of all, for the individual himself. Working on your-self, self-improvement processes are quite difficult. For their implementation, willpower and internal motivation are necessary. The source of such motivation is most often located from outside, attracting additional external resources. The individual scans the reality around us through the information channels, with the possibility of continuous analysis, feedback searching, how it meets the requirements of a modern public. The analysis of health capital, emotional capital, spiritual capital and social capital are presented as part of a systematic approach, where all components are closely intertwined. The relevance of the topic is to develop a system of personal capital to increase the capitalization of the individual in the information society. Understanding this combination will allow a person to use their own resources more comfortably, as well as better understand personal prospects for growth and development.
TO SPECIFY PARAMETERS OF TERMINOLOGICAL SYSTEM IN APPLIED TERMINOLOGY
The article deals with the logical-linguistic parameters of a narrow-branch term system. The main rationale for the systemic nature of terminology is the system of term-concept relationships: the place of the term in the term-system is determined by the place of the concept in the corresponding system of concepts. In logic, the conceptual system is considered as a set of concepts and relations between them, that is, at the specified level of organization of the term system we can define two basic system parameters: the presence of certain conceptual categories – the broadest in terms of meaning; conceptual connections between terms at the intra-categorical and inter-categorical levels. On the verbal level, it is necessary to distinguish the following system-forming parameters: the structural typology of terms and their term-forming relationships. Understanding the systemic system of the term system as a phenomenon of the dual logico-linguistic plan requires a clearer identification of the relationship between the logical and linguistic factors of its formation.
Language is the bearer of human thoughts and reasoning. Culture should become an integral part of teaching and learning foreign languages. Both society and its culture change over time. The language of this culture is being invigorated by new elements. Effective integration will help the teacher professionally present the content of his lesson by selecting appropriate cultural tools that will facilitate teaching and learning. Language and culture are inseparable, so any change in language threatens culture. Because language is a means of preserving the culture of the people, promoting social interaction and unity of both. Use of language means the transfer of people’s culture. Language expresses, preserves, and transmits the entire set of patterns, behaviors, beliefs, traditions, and customs of the thinking patterns of one group of people different from another. It has been repeatedly found that many students who have studied Russian and have visited Russia have differed significantly from those who did not have the opportunity. A foreign language learner also learns the cultural knowledge and skills necessary to be competent in learning a foreign language. Therefore, it is considered necessary to include culture in a foreign language curriculum, as this helps to avoid the stereotypical notion that language is not part of culture. Teaching culture creates awareness of the geographical environment, the historical or political development of a foreign culture, its customs and the literary achievements of its members. The task of the teacher is to stimulate students’ interest in the target culture and to promote the creation of a foreign language class. Love for one’s language is an aspect of cultural consciousness. Everything that a person thinks is expressed in language and embodied in our lives. The main purpose of teaching culture in a foreign language class is to raise students’ awareness and develop their interest in the target culture on their own.
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF A PROFESSIONAL "I-CONCEPT" OF MILITARY PERSONNEL WITH DIFFERENT TYPE PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY
The aim of the study. Identify the features of the structure of professional «I-concepti» of military personnel in accordance with the type of their professional identity (TPI). Research methods. Conversation method, testing. Sample description. The study involved 100 military personnel with different TPI. Conclusions. Summarizing, we can state both similar trends and differences in the characteristics of the structural elements of the professional «I-concept», the nature of the relationship between these components. Cognitive component (professional orientation). Among all possible career orientations, military personnel emphasize that work and place of residence must be stable and important for them, a sense of personal safety, both in professional activity and in personal space. Behavioral component (self-efficacy). The components of the cognitive and behavioral components of the professional self-concept are in feedback. But it should be borne in mind that according to the TPI of military personnel are different professional orientations. There is no correlation between the metrics of all three components of the professional self-concept. There is only a link between the components of its cognitive and emotional components. TPI identifies certain differences in all structural elements of the professional self-concept. Cognitive component (professional orientations). There are no «diffuse» and «pseudo-identity» military personnel from the TPI who are seeking a career. Autonomy at work and in its actions dominates among the military personnel with a «pseudo-identity» TPI compared to their counterparts with a premature TPI. The desire to be a leader is a motivating factor for military personnel with a TPI «moratorium» compared to their counterparts with a TPI «pseudo-identity». For military personnel with diffuse TPI, the most important is the desire for stability and safety at work, than for military personnel with TPI «pseudo-identity». Behavioral component (self-efficacy). Only military personnel with a TPI «moratorium» have an adequate assessment of their self-efficacy. All other TPIs have a clear tendency to diminish their capacity for self-efficacy. There is a feedback of professional orientation (cognitive component) and self-efficacy (behavioral component of professional self-concept). However, it should be borne in mind that according to the TPI of military personnel are different professional orientations. Emotional component (self-esteem). Adequacy of understanding and emotional perception of the value of one’s personality is more often manifested in military personnel with premature and diffuse TPI than their counterparts with TPI «pseudo-identity». Military personnel with diffuse TPI are more aware of and emotionally perceived the value of their personality than their counterparts with the TPI «moratorium». The presence of the relationship between the components of the cognitive and emotional component of the professional "I-concept", depending on the military personnel’s TPI is determined both by the different nature and heterogeneity of these components.
Copyright (c) 2020 Олена Научитель, Юрій Гулий, Геннадій Садіков
SOURCE OF ASSOCIATIVE IMAGE CREATION IN DESIGN
Under today’s conditions in Ukraine a process of a new information-driven society creation is observed, where design plays a prominent role. Design appeared at the intersection of science, technology and art; it is implemented in different social systems and conforms to social and natural laws. Under today’s circumstances design is creativeness, which always has its place in people’s activity and is defined as an important cultural phenomenon, performing different cultural functions. The aim of the article is the definition of artistic-expressive means role in the artistic image creation in design, determination of Design Olympiad role for creative thinking cultivation and occupational skills in future specialists. The holding of the All-Ukrainian Student Olympiad on Design in Ukrainian higher educational establishments has already become a constant, important, time-consuming event. Such an event contributes to revealing of students’ professional abilities, establishing creative and friendly relations among art educational establishments of Ukraine, enables to decide the winners among the most talented participants and, thus it helps to select students for participation in International Olympiads on Design. Since 2012 on the basis of Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Fine Arts, which became the main establishment, the All-Ukrainian Olympiad on Design has been held, gaining popularity and significance: more and more educational establishments are involved, the number of participants is growing together with the quality of their creative efforts. The Olympiad programme consists of two stages and determines each of them. In 2019 the purpose of this event was the knowledge evaluation, skills and students’ design thinking level as well as their creative manner. The task was aimed at new creative solutions, activation and imagination in student designers of different specialties, enrichment of design culture, outlook broadening with the objective of original and perspective innovative design conceptions generation. Whereas art higher educational establishment teachers’ task is to help the modern youth see beauty and direct their activity to create magnificent and eternal images.
Copyright (c) 2020 Віктор Северин, Надія Северин