Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies
Founded in: 1999 Field of science and issues in focus: The collection covers methods of integrated design, construction, three-dimensional parametric modeling, production preparation, engineering analysis with the help of CAD / CAM / CAE / PLM systems, aerodynamics, strength, design and technology of aircraft engineering. Methods for ensuring the safety of structures during long-term operation, the aircraft lifecycle information support system, life safety systems for aircrafts, questions of economic risk analysis, methods of support, and management decisions are considered. The publication is intended for specialists of industrial and scientific organizations, teachers, post-graduate students and students. The edition is included in the List of Scientific Professional Publications of Ukraine (Category "Б") by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine № 1301 of 15.10.2019. Specialties (ISCED-F 2013): 0413(073, 275) Management and administration 0541 (113) Mathematics 0612 (126) Database and network design and administration 0613 (121, 122) Software and applications development and analysis 0688 (124) Inter-disciplinary programmes and qualifications involving Information and Communication Technologies 0713 (141, 142) Electricity and energy 0714 (173, 174, 175, 176) Electronics and automation 0715 (131, 142) Mechanics and metal trades 0716 (134, 142, 173) Motor vehicles, ships and aircraft 0788 (132) Inter-disciplinary programmes and qualifications involving engineering, manufacturing and construction 1041 (272) Air Transport ISSN: 2071-1077 (Print), 2663-2411 (Online) Media identifier No. R30-01719 (Decision dated 10/26/2023 No. 1146). Indexing: Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine; NRAT; «Ukrainika naukova»; «Dzerelo»; Ulrichsweb Global Serials Directory; OCLC WorldCat; Index Copernicus, Scillit, OUCI DOI CrossRef Founder: National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute» Editor-in-Chief: Grebenikov Oleksandr Executive secretary: Gamanukha Tamara Editorial office address: 61070, Kharkiv, 17 V. Manka Str., chair 103. Tel.: +38(057)7884363, +38(057)7884084 E-mail: agrebenikov@ukr.net Archives of issues are HERE & HERE This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Національноий аерокосмічний університет "ХАІ"
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ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR PREDICTING FATIGUE LIFE OF TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT FLAPS
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The paper reviews methods for predicting the fatigue life of wing flap components and their mounting mechanisms, and analyses their applicability. It analyses the design of wing flaps and their mounting mechanisms, as well as the variety of loads acting on these assemblies in flight. Modern aviation regulations and other normative documents impose increased requirements on the scope and quality of fatigue calculations for elements of the main power structure of modern transport aircraft, including flaps and their mounting mechanisms. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Methods for ensuring increased fatigue life through the use of various design and technological solutions are considered. The requirements applicable to methods and techniques for fatigue life calculations are considered. The three most common methods of fatigue strength calculation in the aviation industry are analysed: calculation based on design quality, calculation based on similarity theory, and calculation based on fatigue rating theory. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">A detailed analysis of the application of calculation methods based on rating theory is provided. The main dependencies used in the methodology are considered. Based on the results of the analysis of numerous domestic and foreign studies of the influence of various design and technological parameters (features) of aircraft structural elements on fatigue, the methodology identifies the parameters that have the most significant impact on fatigue. Based on the analysis of the presented methods, a method for predicting fatigue life, integrated design and modelling of potentially critical areas of the wing and its mounting mechanisms has been developed. The special role of numerical methods, primarily the finite element method (FEM), which allow for complex geometry, material heterogeneity and the interaction of aircraft assembly structural elements, is emphasised. The applicability of analytical, numerical, and experimental methods for predicting the fatigue life of structural elements of assemblies in aircraft design is considered.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олександр Григорович Гребеніков, Віталій Євгенович Василевський
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PROCESS OF CERTIFICATION OF AVIATION EQUIPMENT
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article examines the role and prospects of applying artificial intelligence (AI) in the certification process of aviation technology. It is emphasized that traditional certification system rely on deterministic verification methods and require full predictability of system, whereas machine learning algorithms operate on a probabilistic basis, creating significant challenges for verification and validation. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The study highlights key areas of AI integration, including generative design, digital twins, automated quality control, predictive maintenance, and autonomous manufacturing systems. These technologies accelerate aircraft development cycles, reduce costs, and improve safety levels, yet simultaneously demand a rethinking of regulatory frameworks. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The paper analyzes international practices, particularly the initiatives of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which has introduced the concept of “Human-AI Teaming” and the special condition SC-AI-01, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which follows a cautious, step-by-step approach with an emphasis on preserving human accountability. New approaches to certification are outlined, such as data-driven digital management, unified platforms for compliance assessment, and hybrid verification methods that combine simulation testing with formal analysis. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The findings suggest that AI integration in aviation is an irreversible trend that transforms the certification paradigm itself: from evaluating a static product to assessing AI-driven processes. This requires the development of new international standards, harmonization of regulatory practices, and creation of methodologies ensuring the reliability and safety of AI systems throughout the entire life cycle of aviation technology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олексій Миколайович Литвинов, Олексій В’ячеславович Чуприна, Вадим Олександрович Гребеніков
METAL ALLOYS FOR FASTENERS OF HYBRID JOINTS
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The characteristics of metal alloys used for manufacturing fasteners for hybrid joints are considered. Alloys that can be used in the manufacturing embedded elements when creating hybrid joints are recommended as following: alloy steels (30ХГСА, 12Х18Н10Т), aluminum (Д16, В95) and titanium alloys (BT1, BT5, BT6, etc.). The peculiarities of their strengthening heat treatment were analyzed, the influence of polymer binder formation process on the properties of metal elements of transverse or longitudinal joints was considered. Practical recommendations are given on the use of metal alloys as fastening elements of hybrid joints: when creating a hybrid joint for manufacturing embedded elements, it is recommended to use the following alloys – alloy steels (30ХГСА, 12Х18Н10Т), aluminum alloys (D16, B95), titanium alloys (ВТ1, ВТ5, ВТ6 etc.). If the curing temperature of polymer binder is 200 C and above, then it is recommended to use alloyed steels, titanium alloys as a material for manufacturing transversal or longitudinal joining elements; if the hardening temperature of polymer binder is up to 150 C, it is recommended to use aluminum alloys as a material for manufacturing transversal or longitudinal joining elements. To improve mechanical properties of alloy steels, aluminum and titanium alloys it is necessary to carry out heat treatment – quenching and tempering for steels; quenching and natural aging or quenching and artificial aging for aluminum alloys; annealing or quenching and artificial aging for titanium alloys. Before the introduction of metal elements into the composite structure, they must be heated to ensure easier penetration of fastening elements into composite.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олена Георгіївна Попова, Валентина Віталіївна Остапчук
DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND TESTING OF CARBON FIBER PLASTIC DIMENSION-STABLE TUBULAR ELEMENTS OF SPACECRAFT TRUSS STRUCTURES
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The article shows that one of the main areas of development of spacecraft (SC) "in service" of the Earth is to increase the accuracy of SC orientation to ground reference points and the resolution of the target equipment. The main destabilizing factor during SC operation in orbit is the temperature deformation of the structure due to the constantly acting "heating-cooling" thermal cycles. The properties of carbon fiber allow it to be used in dimensionally stable truss structures of spacecraft. The influence of space factors on the properties of carbon fiber over time has not yet been sufficiently studied. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of thermal cycles on the change in the geometric parameters of carbon fiber structures over a long period of time. Research has been conducted and the effect of thermal loads of varying intensity and duration on the dimensional stability of tubular elements of truss structures for spacecraft has been assessed. Requirements have been formulated and a design and layout scheme of an experimental truss for resource tests has been developed. Studies were carried out on tubular elements of square cross-section, which are one of the main components of the model truss. A selection of materials, manufacturing technology and reinforcement scheme for tubular elements has been made. For manufacturing a dimensionally stable truss from composite materials, it is most preferable to use a composite based on carbon fibers. Pipes and fittings were made of carbon bundle UKN/5000 impregnated with epoxy binder EDT-10 by the "wet" method using automated winding technology. When selecting the reinforcement scheme, the following criteria were taken into account: ensuring a minimum coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) and regulated strength. For the prompt assessment of the influence of different types of loads on the geometric parameters of the truss, a method of thermal tests of the model truss was developed. The tests included several series of thermal cyclic loads of the model truss of varying intensity and duration. The method establishes the rules and procedure for measuring the linear dimensions of the truss, the rules for calculating changes in angular dimensions, as well as requirements for the workplace and personnel. The developed method meets the regulated requirements and allows measuring linear changes in the truss dimensions with an accuracy of 2 microns and angular deformations with an accuracy of 2 angular seconds. The efficiency of the method was confirmed by analyzing changes in the geometric parameters of the truss after a series of thermal cycling loads. Thermal cycling tests of the model truss were carried out. After thermal cycling, changes in the geometric parameters of the model truss were measured in accordance with the developed method. Based on the measurement results, average values of elongations of four pipes, CLTE and angular deformations at one stage of thermal cycling were calculated. It was found that with an increase in the number of thermal cycles, thermal stabilization occurs. This shows the need to introduce preliminary thermal cycling into the process of manufacturing elements of dimensionally stable structures. It is shown that angular deformations of the truss are practically independent of the duration of thermal cycling and remain constant throughout the entire period of thermal loading.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ігор Владиславович Малков
RESEARCH OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF WEAR-RESISTANT HIGH-CHROMIUM ALLOYS
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The structure and distribution of alloying elements in wear-resistant high-chromium alloys with different chemical compositions were studied to ensure high hardness, strength and resistance to various types of wear. High-chromium cast irons are complex multicomponent alloys, so it is necessary to consider a number of features of alloying elements influence on the nature of phases formed in such alloys, as well as the processes occurring both during crystallization and during cooling of the casting in the solid state. In this regard, studies were conducted on the structure of high-chromium alloys with different chemical compositions. The structure of the high-chromium alloy was studied by X-ray spectral microanalysis, properties of the high-chromium alloys were determined by measuring hardness and microhardness. Heterogeneity of element distribution in the primary austenite grain was revealed. The chromium content varied from 4.7% in the region bordering the carbide to 14.9% in the grain center. The content of nickel, chromium, and manganese remained virtually unchanged across the specimen cross-section. Heterogeneity of silicon and molybdenum distribution across the specimen cross-section was revealed; their content is increased toward the center by 1.5–1.8 times. The carbide phase of the high-chromium alloys was represented by cementite-type carbides (Fe, Cr)<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">3<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">C, special chromium carbides (Cr, Fe)<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">7<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">C<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">3<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, andcomplex compounds based on Fe, Cr, Mo – (Cr, Fe, Mo)<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">23<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">C<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">6<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">. Research has established that increasing in the chromium content in the alloy leads to increasing in the level of microhardness of carbides. With increasing in the chromium content from 12.2 to 18.8%, the microhardness of carbides of the (Fe, Cr)<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">3<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">C type increases by 10 percent, and the microhardness of the special chromium carbides (Cr, Fe)<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">7<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">C<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">3<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> increases by 5 percent.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олена Георгіївна Попова, Валентина Віталіївна Остапчук, Наталія Олексіївна Лалазарова
REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS FOR VTOL FIXED-WING UAVS IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC APPLICATIONS
<p class="a" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This article investigates the requirements, operational considerations, and configurations of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for photogrammetric applications. As one of the most common civil uses of UAVs, photogrammetry requires platforms offering flexibility, endurance, and cost efficiency. The research identifies end-user demands and defines system-level requirements that shape UAV design, production, and deployment. It stresses that establishing these requirements early is crucial to avoid expensive modifications later in the project lifecycle. <p class="a" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">A systems engineering approach analyzes UAV deployment, incorporating technical, economic, operational, social, and regulatory factors. The study explores the photogrammetry value chain, current applications, mission profiles, and operational risks in commercial settings. Special attention is paid to the legal and regulatory framework, which poses significant constraints for developers and operators integrating advanced UAVs into civil aviation systems. <p class="a" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The paper reviews UAV configurations suitable for photogrammetry, emphasizing VTOL designs that blend rotary-wing hovering with fixed-wing efficiency. It compares tilt-rotor, tail-sitter, and hybrid approaches, evaluating their advantages and limitations in endurance, payload capacity, maneuverability, and cost. <p class="a" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Findings indicate that tilt-rotor configurations provide excellent maneuverability and versatility but are often constrained by size. Tail-sitters offer weight and portability advantages yet face challenges in maintaining hover stability while capturing ground imagery. Cost is a key factor, with most commercial photogrammetry using UAVs priced USD 1,500–2,000 — a threshold exceeded by many VTOL fixed-wing models.
Copyright (c) 2025 Сергій Борисович Кочук, Рафаель Трухільйо Торрес, Артем Олексійович Нікітін
MODELING THE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE TO THE MOVEMENT OF METAL CHIPS
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The article presents theoretical and practical studies aimed at establishing the patterns of changes in the coefficient of resistance to chip movement in the area of possible changes in the parameters of the system of complex use of the lubricating and cooling technological environment. When conducting experimental studies, the varying parameters changed in the ranges: roughness parameter Rz = 1…500 μm (Rz = 1, 25, 100, 300, 500); pressure in the volume of accumulated chips p = 0.00275…0.00975 MPa (p = 0.00275, 0.0055, 0.0075, 0.00975); humidity changed at two levels (excessive presence and complete absence of water). The results of the studies showed that the greatest influence is exerted by the variation of the roughness parameter (an increase in the coefficient of resistance to chip movement by approximately 3 times). Wetting also has a significant effect (an increase in the resistance coefficient to chip movement by 2-3 times). The smallest effect of the considered parameters is exerted by the change in pressure in the moving volume of chips (a decrease in the resistance coefficient to chip movement by approximately 1.8 times). The maximum change in the resistance coefficient to chip movement within the studied range of parameter variation is from 0.23 to 1.36, which represents approximately a sixfold increase. Based on the results of experimental studies, regression models of the change in the resistance coefficient to metal chip movement have been developed, which qualitatively correspond well with the known laws of the change in the kinematic coefficient of metal-on-metal friction in tribotechnics and adequately establish the corresponding quantitative ratios in the studied range of possible changes in the parameters of the force effect system of the lubricating and cooling technological environment. The obtained models can be used to solve a wide range of problems related to the optimal design of systems for the complex use of the lubricating and cooling technological environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олександр Миколайович Гнитько, Анна Вадимівна Кузнецова, Оксана Валеріївна Косенко
TARGET SEQUENCE OF LOCAL ELECTROHYDRAULIC STAMPING OF LARGE SHEET METAL PARTS
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This article considers the sequence of local loading required for various technical requirements in electrohydraulic forming of large-sized sheet bottoms. Electrohydraulic forming technologies for relatively small sheet parts are widely known. In such technologies, the energy release technology is created on one electrode pair, which allows for the deformation of small parts. Original electrohydraulic presses with high stored energy (up to 500 kJ) have been developed, which allows for the release of energy simultaneously in many zones of the working space above the workpiece. And this, in turn, allows the workpiece to be loaded only in certain zones. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Various technical requirements may be imposed on large sheet bottoms, i.e. limiting the deformation of thinning in certain zones, minimal elastic grooving of the part or especially high accuracy of its surface. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">A comparative analysis of the stress-strain state at the initial and subsequent stages of forming large-sized round bottoms under different variants of the sequence of pulse loading was carried out. With pulse loading, which is uniform over the entire surface of the workpiece, compression zones appear in the flange zones, which leads to the appearance of wrinkles. As well as to the accumulation of thinning deformations in the center of the part. These harmful features of the process limit the technological capabilities of electrohydraulic stamping. With pulsed local loading of the flange part of the workpiece at the first stages of forming, the workpiece bends itself in this part, which makes its shape more rigid and partially leads to strengthening of the material in this part. This reduces the likelihood of wrinkles. At the subsequent stages, the deformation of the load is carried out in the central zone, which ensures a decrease in thinning deformations in the dangerous zone. This technology for forming bottoms with a diameter of more than a meter was tested experimentally and the positive results of these experiments are given in the work. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The proposed technology allows for the manufacture of large sheet metal parts of not very high accuracy, but when using one forming element of the equipment at one workplace. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">For the manufacture of especially precise bottoms, for example, mirrors of space communication antennas, a double-stage manufacturing technology is proposed. With this technology, the workpiece is pre-freely formed to a certain deflection in the center under the action of local electro-hydraulic load on simple technological equipment. At the second stage, the peripheral zones of the workpiece are formed on a partially convex tooling. The results of the stamping process of antenna mirrors with a diameter of 250 and 900 mm are shown. The deviation from the parabolic surface of the matrix was 0.03…0.05 mm. Other positive properties of such a technological process are given. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">As a result of the research, a rational sequence of local loading was proposed for some variants of the requirements. Some variants of the development were confirmed experimentally. A direction of mathematical modeling of the process was proposed. The purpose of the work is to establish a rational sequence of local loading to fulfill the proposed technical requirements during one technological operation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Михайло Євгенович Тараненко, Олександр Георгійович Нарижний, Дзесінь Ван
FORMATION OF INFORMATION SPACE ELEMENTS TO ENABLE MACHINING OF PARTS IN AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Modern mechanical engineering production, particularly in aerospace engineering, is characterized by the mixed use of human-oriented and machine-oriented technologies. This creates a discrepancy between traditional means of information representation (drawings), designed for visual perception, and the requirements of automated systems, which need precise analytical models. It has been demonstrated that the parallel use of two description languages (descriptive geometry vs. analytical geometry) leads to the formation of two independent models of the same object and violates the principle of unity information space. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">As a solution, the concept of an Analytical Reference of a Part (ARP) – a unified digital model containing the complete set of technological attributes for all stages of the product lifecycle – is proposed and substantiated. The application of the ARP leads to clarity and unambiguous interpretation of information by all participants in the product lifecycle, as well as to a several-fold reduction in the labor intensity of data entry. This, in turn, will eliminate duplication of work during production process planning and reduce the costs of mastering new products.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ігор Валерійович Бичков, Ігор Миколайович Лисоченко, Микола Ігорович Бичков, Сергій Миколайович Рябіков, Ганна Сергіївна Селезньова
A COMPREHENSIVE METHOD FOR COMPARISON OF OPTIMAL STRUCTURAL AND MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS FOR METAL-COMPOSITE JOINTS CONSIDERING DISTINCTIONS OF THEIR MANUFACTURE
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">A generalized qualitative method for selecting variants for “metal-composite” joints for light aircraft requiring minimization of joint mass is considered. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">A review of modern scientific and technical literature in this field has shown the relevance of the problem of selecting the type of joints. At the same time, existing selection methods require high accuracy. They do not contain quantitative information about the technology of manufacturing joints, which significantly affects their efficiency and quality. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The following three design options for joints with transverse fasteners were selected for analysis: monolithic pyramidal microelements made on a metal tip, cylindrical microelements installed on the tip surface by welding or pressing, and sheet microelements made on an intermediate metal strip, which in turn is attached on the tip. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The comparison of options was carried out according to the following groups of properties: weight, structural strength and technological features. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">It should be noted that in previous studies, a quantitative method was developed and used to compare structural and technological solutions of “metal-composite” joints, with direct calculation of the values of the quality indices of the processes of preparation for production and manufacturing of joints. This method requires a sufficient amount of specific reference data and time for calculations. Therefore, the development of a qualitative method for comparing the joints structural-manufacturing solutions is quite relevant. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency and quality of joints while minimizing several properties depending on the goals (volume) of production, the purpose of products, reducing costs and time for manufacturing and preparation for production. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The main tasks of the study are reduced to qualitative and quantitative assessment of target indicators according to the selected design options, materials used and the complexity of the manufacturing process. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The research method is a complex system analysis. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">As a result of the study, relevant conclusions were drawn regarding the priority of a particular connection option for different materials and production conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ігор Михайлович Тараненко
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEAK ANTILOCALIZATION IN PDXBI₂SE₃ WHISKERS AND RELATED TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURES
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">This paper presents a comprehensive comparative review and detailed analysis of the weak antilocalization (WAL) effect observed in Pd<sub style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">x<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Bi₂Se₃ whiskers in comparison with well-established results for Bi₂Se₃ single crystals and thin films, which serve as benchmark systems for the study of topological insulators. The literature review highlights the influence of sample morphology, the nature of doping elements, structural disorder, and strong spin–orbit coupling on the parameters that govern coherent quantum transport in these materials. Special emphasis is placed on the unique combination of whisker-like morphology, Pd doping, and the observation of residual surface superconductivity in our samples, which makes these structures promising candidates for further research in the field of topological quantum matter. For comparison, three representative studies were selected: one describing WAL in Pd-doped Bi₂Se₃ single crystals grown by the zone-melting technique, another reporting on a detailed analysis of WAL and Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations in undoped Bi₂Se₃ thin films, and a third study examining WAL and quantum oscillations in pure Bi₂Se₃ single crystals without any intentional doping. The comparative analysis shows that the phase coherence length in our whisker samples is lower than in massive single crystals and thin films, yet the unique combination of whisker morphology and Pd doping favors the coexistence of WAL with residual surface superconductivity, a feature not observed in previous Bi₂Se₃ systems. In addition, our measurements indicate the presence of weak nematic anisotropy, visible as a slight directional asymmetry of the upper critical magnetic field. Such a combination of features opens up new possibilities for studying the interaction between topologically protected surface states and superconducting phases, which is highly relevant for the design of novel quantum devices and spintronic applications. The results expand the current understanding of how topological surface states can be tuned and controlled through targeted engineering of the material's morphology, chemical composition, and growth conditions. This research provides a foundation for future experimental efforts aimed at optimizing the properties of nanostructured superconducting topological materials based on Bi₂Se₃ whiskers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Михайло Петрович Микитюк, Ігор Петрович Островський
ANALYSIS OF SUPPORTING PLATE FASTENING CONSIDERING LOADING ECCENTRICITY
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">To ensure manufacturability, cooperation, and an acceptable level of cost of aircraft manufacturing and operating, structural and technological sectioning is performed at different levels of a structure: parts, assemblies, units, bays etc. They are interrelated with each other and interact in a certain order using various forms of joints. Thus, it can be reasonably stated that perfection of aircraft in various appearances is largely determined by joints. On the other hand, at the stage of developing the main load-carrying scheme of a structure, simplified models are used, where the attachment zone or concentrated load is represented as a geometric locus of conditional points, where the reactions are summed up. Thus, the procedure for attachment designing, loads, etc. is completely independent, where the results of preliminary structure design in regular zones are used as initial data. It should be noted that the design of fastening units is carried out under more severe conditions than in regular structures: it is necessary to "fit" into the allowed space, fastening and supporting elements are selected according to standards for metal products, etc. A separate group of problems is created by the fact of using composites in load-carrying structures. These problems are associated with the distinctions of composites behavior in transition zones. On the other hand, the calculation and design of joints are limited by selected models. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Currently, fittings of support plate connection with main structure is least studied, especially under condition of loading with eccentricity. The solution of this problem is to ensure maximum universalization of joint model in order to expand the area of use, while maintaining accessibility for engineering calculations and design. The article presented to your attention is devoted to the development of joint model and parametric research of influence of additional parameters on conditions for including joint components in operation. This model allows to expand the list of design parameters for base plate attachment with conventional fasteners of various compositions (diameter, length of fastener body, material). In addition, the model allows to consider the value of the local thickness of composite package of joining parts and values of their local stiffness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Сергій Петрович Кривенда
CONDUCTING AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF QUADCOPTER PROPELLERS
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The widespread use of multicopters, in particular quadcopters, in the civil, industrial and defense sectors necessitates the improvement of their aerodynamic characteristics in order to increase maneuverability, energy efficiency, load carrying capacity and reduce noise level. One of the key elements affecting these characteristics is the design of the propellers. Despite significant progress in the research of propellers for classical aviation, research for multicopters remains quite limited. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The aim of the work is to conduct a comparative aerodynamic analysis of four three-dimensional models of the HQProp V1S 7x3.5x3 propeller using the modern SolidWorks Flow Simulation software. The research methodology involves computer modeling of three-dimensional models of the real propeller, created by the author using the master-model method and the shell method, as well as 3D models obtained from specialized internet resources. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The main parameters of the analysis are the distribution of air flow velocities, pressure distribution, calculation of lift and drag force, as well as the influence of the angle of attack on the aerodynamic properties of the studied samples. The results of mathematical calculations demonstrate the differences between the models. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The scientific novelty and practical significance of the research is that the author obtained original data on the aerodynamic characteristics of 3D models of the HQProp V1S 7x3.5x3 propeller, which were not previously published in the open press. The mathematical modeling technique used and the results obtained thanks to it will be used in the future to design new, more advanced propeller models, which will contribute to improving the overall efficiency of the UAV.
Copyright (c) 2025 Андрій Миколайович Мартинюк
METHOD OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS ESTIMATES AND ACTUAL EFFORTS OF THE TEAM DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE PROJECTS IN THE AGILE ENVIRONMENT
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The object of the study is the issue of increasing the productivity of production processes in outsourcing companies. The subject of the research is strategies for organizing production processes in an Agile environment. The purpose of the article is to improve the efficiency of work stage planning based on a comprehensive assessment of story points. The research task is to develop a method for comparative analysis of software project development histories to support strategies for the productive use of agile technologies. The following results were obtained. A method for comparative analysis of initial estimates and actual efforts of teams during software development in Agile environments was proposed and developed. The method makes it possible, when planning project stages (sprints), to evaluate the completion time and the probability of completing a stage within that time based on task complexity. Additionally, it allows estimating the required time for a planned task based on given complexity and forecast reliability. The proposed method also enables the assessment of risks of failing to complete a stage within the scheduled time. The method was tested on real-world data. The applicability of a heuristic rule for assessing task complexity based on the Fibonacci sequence was confirmed. The probability of completing a task within the planned time, based on the applied time equivalent of a story point, is approximately the same for different complexity levels and significantly less than one. This indicates existing planning risks and suggests the likely presence of a systemic factor reducing development process efficiency. A potential direction for further development of the proposed method is the use of cumulative computation techniques
Copyright (c) 2025 Ігор Володимирович Шостак, Олександр Вячеславович Череватенко
AI-DRIVEN CROSS-PLATFORM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS
The study is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in cross-platform application development systems. The key machine learning technologies used in software engineering automation processes are considered, including automatic code generation systems based on large language models, intelligent development environments, and AI-driven testing methodologies. The architectural solutions of modern cross-platform frameworks and their integration with artificial intelligence technologies are analyzed. The application of transformer models, in particular GPT-4/Codex, Claude, CodeT5, and CodeBERT, in the tasks of understanding and generating software code is studied. The analysis showed that currently GPT-4/Codex is the most accurate and powerful AI model suitable for complex code generation. CodeT5 maintains a balance between size and performance and therefore is well suited for code transformation tasks. InCoder specializes in filling in code patterns but has lower accuracy. CodeBERT is more suitable for code analytics than for generation. Methods for assessing the quality of AI-generated code are considered, including metrics of functional correctness and structural quality. Challenges to the security and reliability of automatically generated software code are highlighted, including vulnerability issues and the need for additional verification. An analysis of the effectiveness of various approaches to cross-platform development using artificial intelligence tools is presented. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive analysis of the interaction of artificial intelligence technologies with cross-platform development frameworks, the systematization of modern approaches to AI-driven code generation, and the study of specific challenges in integrating machine learning into multi-platform software development processes. The results of the study show the significant potential of integrating artificial intelligence technologies to increase developer productivity and improve software quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Сергій Юрійович Манаков, Олена Григорівна Трофименко, Павло Олександрович Чикунов, Володимир Ігорович Гура
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The subject of study. The article proposes a method of fast search for the closest objects in Euclidean space, which is based on the necessary proximity conditions proved for two metrics. The method involves randomly selecting landmarks, projecting objects into a k-dimensional space, and using special hash structures to speed up the search. It has been experimentally proven that the proposed method outperforms known analogs in terms of execution speed. The aim of the work was to develop an efficient algorithm for finding close objects that can be used in intelligent search engines, big data processing technologies, and learning systems for knowledge clustering. Tasks. To develop a method that would allow to quickly find objects that satisfy the proximity conditions in Euclidean space. Prove the theoretical foundations of the method, including the necessary proximity conditions, and experimentally test its effectiveness in comparison with existing approaches. Consider two cases: search for ordered m-ary trees and for strings using the Levenshtein distance. Methods used. The method is based on randomly selecting landmarks, projecting objects into a k-dimensional space, and using hash structures to filter candidates. To evaluate the effectiveness, experiments have been conducted comparing the execution time of the proposed method with the basic and modified analogs. The theoretical foundations include the proof of proximity conditions that reduce the number of computations. Results. Experiments have shown that the proposed method (Nearest Hash) outperforms the known analogs (Basic and Modified) by 1.67-3.80 times in terms of search speed, depending on the size of the dataset. For trees, we use editing metrics that take into account the operations of renaming, deleting, and inserting nodes. For strings, the Levenshtein distance is used. The results confirm that the method effectively eliminates unnecessary computations at the first stage and speeds up the search due to the hash matrix. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the introduction of the necessary proximity conditions that allow to increase the search efficiency. The proposed method can be used in search engines, big data processing, and educational technologies. Further research will be aimed at optimizing the choice of landmarks and expanding the application of the method in practical problems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Андрій Григорович Чухрай, Олександр Юрійович Бенедичук, Олена Володимирівна Гавриленко
MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES AND TOOLS FOR ANTHROPOCENTRIC DISPATCHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article investigates mathematical models and algorithmic tools for anthropocentric dispatching of the educational process in higher education institutions. The limitations of traditional approaches to scheduling, which focus exclusively on resource optimization without considering the human factor, are analyzed. It is established that classical dispatching algorithms lead to the creation of technically optimal but psychologically uncomfortable schedules that negatively affect the quality of the educational process. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The concept of anthropocentric dispatching is proposed, which places human needs at the center of the schedule optimization process. Mathematical structures for formal description of anthropocentric criteria have been developed: a model of comfort for educational process participants, functions of psychological load for teachers and students, metrics of cognitive learning efficiency. A multi-criteria optimization model based on fuzzy set theory and genetic algorithms is presented. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The architecture of an anthropocentric dispatching software tool is described in detail, including a behavioral pattern analysis module, a machine learning system for predicting optimal schedules, and an adaptive visualization interface. Experimental testing at NAU "KhAI" showed an increase in satisfaction of educational process participants by 42%, a reduction in cognitive load by 35%, and an improvement in academic performance by 18% compared to traditional dispatching methods.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олег Олександрович Ситнік, Олександр Валерійович Вдовітченко
AUTOMATED DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF LEARNING TRAJECTORIES IN OOP AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES FOR STEM EDUCATION
<p class="a" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">In the context of the dynamic development of STEM fields, traditional one-size-fits-all curricula are becoming less effective. This article is dedicated to the methodology of automated design and evaluation of learning paths, which allows for the personalization of the learning process, adapting it to the individual needs and pace of the student. The main focus of the article is the practical implementation of this approach for disciplines in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Web Technologies. <p class="a" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Modern STEM education is undergoing a period of significant transformations driven by the integration of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and automated learning systems. This work is dedicated to the analysis of methodologies and tools for the automated design and evaluation of learning trajectories, specialized for teaching Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and web technologies within the context of STEM education. Particular attention is paid to the development and implementation of tools based on Python and JavaScript programming languages, which ensure the personalization of the educational process and provide adaptive learning capabilities. <p class="a" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The study explores modern approaches to using Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to create dynamic learning content that adapts to the individual needs and knowledge levels of students in real-time. It analyzes methodologies for multidimensional evaluation of the effectiveness of learning trajectories, including automated detection of problems in mastering OOP concepts and feedback mechanisms. The research also investigates the architectural principles of such systems, utilizing Python for machine learning algorithms and JavaScript for interactive user interfaces. This combination is shown to enhance learning effectiveness and student motivation compared to traditional teaching methods in STEM disciplines. <p class="a" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This work contributes to the development of the theoretical foundations of adaptive learning and provides practical recommendations for developers of educational technologies and STEM educators to better equip students with the skills necessary for a future career in technology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Тетяна Леонідівна Столяренко
MACHINE LEARNING METHODS IN INTELLIGENT «SMART HOME» SYSTEMS: CLASSIFICATION, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS
<p class="1" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article presents a systematic review of machine learning methods applied in intelligent «Smart Home» systems. A classification of typical tasks is provided, including user activity recognition, resource consumption forecasting, anomaly detection during operation, personalization of household scenarios, comfort management, and health monitoring of residents. Key classes of algorithms are analyzed in detail: classical methods (k-NN, SVM, decision trees, Random Forest), ensemble approaches (Gradient Boosting, XGBoost), deep learning methods (CNN, RNN, LSTM), as well as lightweight models optimized for edge devices (TinyML, TensorFlow Lite). A comparative analysis of their characteristics is conducted, in particular accuracy, resource requirements, adaptability, interpretability, and real-time integration capabilities. <p class="1" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Special attention is given to data organization, sensor networks, and architectural strategies for building «Smart Homes». Key challenges are identified: ensuring privacy and cybersecurity, the lack of high-quality datasets, hardware limitations of devices, as well as issues of standardization and interoperability. Current approaches to overcoming these challenges are analyzed, including data augmentation and transfer learning methods, privacy-enhancing technologies (differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multiparty computation), federated learning, and edge architectures. <p class="1" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Significant attention is devoted to the ethical aspects of AI application, related to model bias, fairness, transparency, accountability, and preservation of user autonomy. Security issues of machine learning models are examined separately: adversarial attacks, data poisoning, and model stealing, as well as respective defense mechanisms — data sanitization, anomaly detection, adversarial training, obfuscation, and watermarking. The role of human-centric approaches and Explainable AI in increasing user trust is highlighted. <p class="1" style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Future prospects of the field are outlined, including the spread of Edge AI and TinyML, advancement of federated learning algorithms, implementation of multimodal systems, development of reinforcement learning methods, and the creation of decentralized architectures with local self-learning. The proposed review forms a holistic understanding of the current state and trends of ML use in «Smart Home» systems and defines practical ways to overcome existing problems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Максим Олександрович Кушнарьов, Юрій Сергійович Аверін, Ігор Володимирович Шостак
MOBILITY AS A SERVICE: DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR THE PASSENGER TRANSPORT ECOSYSTEM IN MEGACITIES
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article examines the concept of Mobility as a Service as the foundation for developing a digital ecosystem of passenger transport in a megacity. The main challenges of modern mobility are identified: overloaded infrastructure, fragmentation of services, and the lack of an integrated digital platform. It is shown that the Mobility as a Service model enables the integration of different modes of transport—public, private, micromobility, car sharing, and taxis—into a single digital environment with options for trip planning, booking, and payment. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Scientific research and practical examples of similar solutions implemented in different countries are analyzed. The study highlights architectural models of digital ecosystems, their components, and principles in accordance with the RADE reference model. Special attention is given to the role of digital agents, network nodes, contextual integration, and open data standards that ensure the scalability and interoperability of transport platforms. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article also considers business models for the development of Mobility as a Service, which combine technological, organizational, and social factors. The significance of trust and reputation is emphasized as key conditions for functioning: only transparent interaction between operators, municipalities, and users ensures acceptance of the digital ecosystem and its resilience. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">It is concluded that a successful passenger transport ecosystem must be self-organizing, scalable, customer-oriented, and reputation-reliable, which opens new perspectives for the innovative transformation of urban mobility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Володимир Олександрович Захаренко, Ігор Борисович Туркін, Вікторія Валентинівна Туркіна