INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO LAUNCHING LIGHT UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES WITH SHORT AND MEDIUM RANGE IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS

А. М. Гуменний, О. І. Кривобок, А. В. Лоленко, О. М. Столярчук, О. О. Васильєв

Abstract


The subject of this study is the analysis of existing methods for launching unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern conditions that require high precision, safety, and flexibility. The article discusses three main approaches: manual launch, launch from a launcher, and the use of catapults. The aim of the research is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, as well as to develop design solutions to improve the UAV launch process. Special attention is given to launching using catapults, as the most universal method for UAVs of different classes. In the course of the study, an analysis of the structural features of catapults is conducted, including systems that use pneumatic principles to provide the launch impulse and their ability to operate in rugged terrain. The paper examines the technical characteristics of modern catapults, which include the use of standardized components, the ability to adjust the launch angle, ensuring remote control, and enhancing operator safety. A new design solution for a catapult is presented, which allows launching UAVs in difficult conditions with minimal operating and maintenance costs. In particular, it describes its transportability, adaptability for launching UAVs with different takeoff weights, and the use of standard national economic products to reduce costs. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a pneumatic catapult scheme that ensures the stability and accuracy of the launch. By using remote control of the ball valve to supply compressed air to the guide tube, the design's simplicity and operational convenience are achieved. The results obtained indicate significant potential for improving existing UAV launch methods, which will contribute to enhancing their effectiveness in military, rescue, agricultural, and other sectors. Thus, the proposed catapult model combines economic affordability, ease of use, and safety, making it a promising solution for launching UAVs of various purposes and enhancing the overall effectiveness of their use in diverse conditions.


Keywords


unmanned aerial vehicle, launch, catapult, pneumatic system, remote control, safety.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2024.102.09

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