SOME TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ASSEM-BLY UNITS OF MODERN AIRCRAFT

С. А. Толстой, В. В. Сухов

Abstract


The structure of the labor intensity of aircraft manufacturing is considered, in which the largest part is occupied by the aggregate and final assembly. The need for redistribution of work between different types of production has been formed in order to further reduce the labor intensity of assembly by forming additional requirements for structural elements that differ from the design documentation and the fulfillment of which would be expected during assembly. The main ways to reduce the labor intensity of the unit and final assembly of modern aircraft have been identified, which consist of increasing the level of production manufacturability of structures, integrated mechanization and automation of production.

The main trends in the orientation of aviation production towards modern means of technological equipment are considered. A specification of the use in the technical literature of the concepts “assembly device” and “slipway” is proposed to determine clear guidelines for establishing a certain type of technological equipment, depending on a number of factors. A review of domestic and foreign technologies for assembling and joining assemblies of aircraft structures was completed, and forecast data on the accuracy of the resulting joints was generated. It is concluded that there is a domestic (as well as Soviet, for the most part) aircraft manufacturing practice, which involves performing connection operations here, in the slipway, using mainly built-in (portable) or manual mechanized tools, which leads to a large amount of manual labor, and the need to complete the joints of compartments and units “on site” also makes it impossible to ensure high precision parameters of the joint zone. Examples of processes for joining fuselage compartments of foreign-made aircraft using standless docking stands or mobile robotic platforms are considered, which are integrated with the aircraft coordinate system and allow holes to be placed with high precision, drilled and fasteners installed. An analysis of the factors influencing the final accuracy during assembly and docking work in various “schools” of assembling aircraft structures was carried out. A review of some representatives of technological automated equipment for performing assembly work was carried out. A list of optimal criteria for assessing production manufacturability when making connections during the assembly of aircraft structures is proposed.


Keywords


assembly; technological equipment; manufacturability; accuracy; docking; assessment of manufacturability.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2023.97.08

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