REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE MORTALITY STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION

Abstract

A noticeable increase in the mortality rate of the population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic updates research in the field of mortality and life expectancy. The article compares the dynamics and mortality rate from the main causes of death in Russia and the Komi Republic on the eve of a pandemic. The aim of the study is to identify regional opportunities for increasing life expectancy due to the characteristics of the structure of mortality by causes. The subject of the research is mortality of the population of Russia and the Komi Republic due to causes of death. Methods used. The study was carried out on the basis of official data from Rosstat for the period 1990-2019, characterized by multidirectional trends in life expectancy. Methods of systemic, statistical and dynamic analysis and comparison were used. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption of the presence of significant regional reserves for the growth of life expectancy for all major classes of causes of death. Presentation of the main material. In Russia, the period under review is characterized by a decrease in mortality from respiratory diseases, external causes and diseases of the circulatory system, in Komi - only from a group of external causes. But its level and share in the structure of mortality remain higher than the national average - this is still the main reserve for increasing life expectancy. There has been a convergence with the all-Russian parameters of the level and proportion of mortality from cardiovascular diseases, which previously favorably distinguished the region. Komi is characterized by significantly more unfavorable dynamics and mortality rates from diseases of the digestive system and from neoplasms. The republic approached the beginning of the pandemic with a less favorable situation with mortality from respiratory diseases, but with a more favorable situation from infectious and parasitic diseases. The region has reserves for increasing life expectancy for almost all major causes of mortality. Originality and practical significance of the research. Revealing the specifics of the structure of mortality by causes makes it possible to determine regional priorities in demographic policy. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The COVID-19 pandemic has made significant changes in the structure of mortality by cause, which will be the subject of our further research.