Control of aircrafts balance and its metrological assurance

Grygorii Cherepashchuk, Oleksii Potylchak, Iryna Chupova, Stanislav Klimov

Abstract


The subject matter of the article is the process of weighing and determining the position of the center of gravity of the aircraft. The goal is the creation of devices for weighing and determining the centering of aircraft of various types, which would prevail over the existing built-in systems both in terms of ease of operation and in terms of the accuracy of weight measurement and determination of the position of the center of gravity of the aircraft. The tasks to be solved are: the implementation of the weighing part, which would allow obtaining with sufficient accuracy both the total weight of the aircraft and the weight values that fall on individual supports of the chassis or hydraulic jack stands; providing measurement of the values of geometric parameters necessary for calculating the position of the center of gravity of the aircraft; development of the methodology for calculating the position of the center of gravity of the aircraft; introduction of metrological assurance for determining the centering of an aircraft using the experimental and analytical method of determining errors and the method of metrological simulation. The following results were obtained: the authors proposed to improve the method of determining the centering of aircraft, which is based on the measurement of the weight components of the aircraft and geometric parameters according to the appropriate measurement scheme and using modern high-precision meters with the subsequent calculation of the position of the center of gravity. The method is implemented in a series of aviation tensometric scales with a VAT type radio channel and a methodology for calculating the position of the center of gravity of aircraft. Variants of the methodology for calculating the centering of the aircraft are presented for two options for the implementation of aircraft scales: platform and jack point. The authors also proposed the use of the method of metrological simulation for metrological assurance of control of the aircraft balance, which consists of creating a laboratory physical model of the object under investigation on a reduced scale and conducting experiments on this model. Conclusions. The proposed method has several advantages compared to performing experiments on real aircraft and the use of other methods, namely, cost reduction, time reduction, increased accuracy, clarity, and repeatability.

Keywords


aircraft balancing; aviation scales; average aerodynamic chord; metrological assurance; metrological simulation

References


Zhao, X., Yuan, Y., Dong, Y. & Zhao, R. Optimization approach to the aircraft weight and balance problem with the centre of gravity envelope constraints, IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 2021, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1269-1286. DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12096.

Vyshinskii, L. L., Flerov, Y. A. & Shirokov, N. I. Automated system of aircraft weight designing. Informatics and its appliance, 2021, ch.12, release 1, pp. 18-30. DOI: 10.14357/19922264180103.

Tsukanov, R. & Ryabkov, V. Transport category airplane flight range calculation accounting center-of-gravity position shift and engine throttling characteristics. Aerospace Technic and Technology, 2021, no. 5, pp. 4-14. DOI: 10.32620/aktt.2021.5.01.

Stroganov, A. G. Tsentrovka samoleta [Aircraft balance]. Moscow, Oborongiz Publ., 1940. 78 p.

Sheinin, V. M. & Maslennikov, A. A. Bortovoe ustroistvo dlya avtomaticheskogo opredeleniya vesa i tsentrovki samoleta na zemle [On-board device for automatic determination of the weight and balance of the aircraft on the ground]. Copyright certificate USSR, no. 164449, 1964.

Mardirossian, A. System and method of measuring weight of passengers and luggage, and weight distribution of aircraft. Patent USA no. 7281418 B2, 2007.

Mironov, A. D., Yunisov, R. R. & Ivanov, M. T. Sposob opredeleniya vesa i polozheniya tsentra tyazhesti samoleta [Method for determining the weight and position of the center of gravity of an aircraft]. Patent RF no. 2319115, 2008.

Akhmetshin, R. M., Oshchepkov, N. M., Kuznetsov, O. G., Petrov, P. G. & Kruzhkov, V. N. Sposob opredeleniya vzletnoi massy i tsentrovki letatel'nogo apparata [Method for determining the takeoff weight and centering of the aircraft]. Patent RF no. 2172475, 2001.

Efanov, V. V. & Muzhichek, S. M. Ustroistvo dlya opredeleniya massy letatel'nogo apparata [Device for determining the mass of an aircraft]. Patent RF no. 2465558, 2012.

Cherepashchuk, H. O., Potyl'chak, O. P. & Syrota, O. V. Sposib vyznachennya vahy ta polozhennya tsentra vahy lital'noho aparata [The method of determining the weight and position of the center of gravity of the aircraft]. Patent Ukraine no. 130386, 2018.

Cherepashchuk, H. O., Potyl'chak, O. P. & Kalashnikov, Ye. Ye. Prystriy dlya vyznachennya vahy ta polozhennya tsentra vahy lital'noho aparata [A device for determining the weight and position of the center of gravity of an aircraft]. Patent Ukraine no. 130399, 2018.

Samolety An-24, An-24T, An-26, An-30, An-32 i ikh modifikatsii. Opredelenie massy i tsentrovki vzveshivaniem samoletov, nakhodyashchikhsya v ekspluatatsii, posle kapital'nykh remontov, dorabotok, pri modifitsirovanii i kontrol'nye vzveshivaniya [Aircraft An-24, An-24T, An-26, An-30, An-32 and their modifications. Determination of the weight and balance by weighing aircraft in service after overhauls, modifications, modifications and control weighing]. Instruction no. 24.00.0000.703.000I, 2008. (In Russian, unpublished).

Podhors'kyy, K. M. & Yepifanov, S. V. Analiz tochnosti eksperymen-tal'noho vyznachennya KKD ventylyatora z vykorystannyam vymiryuvachiv krutyl'noho momentu [Analysis of accuracy of experimental determination of fan efficiency using torque meters]. Aviatsiyno-kosmichna tekhnika i tekhnolohiya – Aerospace Technic and Technology, 2023, no. 1, pp. 35-46. DOI: 10.32620/aktt.2023.1.04.

Borzenkova, A. V., Cherepashchuk, G. A. Otsenka neopredelennosti izmereniya polozheniya tsentra tyazhesti letatel'nykh apparatov [Estimation of uncertainty in measuring the position of the center of gravity of aircraft]. Systemy obrobky informatsiyi: nevyznachenist' vymiryuvan': naukovi, normatyvni, prykladni ta metodychni aspekty – Information processing systems: measurement uncertainty: scientific, normative, applied and methodical aspects, 2012, no. 1 (99), pp. 55-58.

Sokolovskii, S. S., Solomakho, D. V., B. V. Tsitovich, D. V. Metrologicheskoe modelirovanie kak osnova proektirovaniya i realizatsii metodik vypolneniya izmerenii [Metrological modeling as the basis for the design and implementation of measurement methods]. Pribory i metody izmerenii – Instruments and measurement methods, 2010, no. 1, pp. 147-152.

Borzenkova, H. V. & Cherepashchuk, H. O. Prystriy dlya kalibruvannya system zvazhuvannya ta tsentruvannya lital'nykh aparativ [Device for calibrating aircraft weighing and balancing systems]. Patent Ukraine no. 102790, 2015.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2023.3.03